Table 1. Summary of experimental FIV infections in cats evaluating neurologic function and pathology
|
STUDY (reference) |
ISOLATE AND ROUTE OF INFECTION (n) |
AGE/ DURATION OF INFECTION |
CD4 LYMPHOCYTE DEPLETION |
CSF RESULTS |
NEUROLOGIC SIGNS |
ABNORMAL PHYSIOLOGY |
VIRAL DETECTION AND LOAD |
PATHOLOGY |
|
Dow et al, 1990 (16) |
Petaluma; Intrathecal (2) Intra-bone marrow (2) IV (3) |
Adult 12 months |
Not reported |
Pleocytosis up to 20 wk PI; Inc IgG index Ab+ 5/7 |
Not reported |
Not reported |
CSF: ND Viral isolation from basal gaglia and brain stem (n=2 examined) |
Perivascular cuffs Glial nodules Gliosis |
|
Podell et al. 1993 (17) |
Maryland IV (6) |
8 weeks of age 16 months |
Not reported |
Inc AQ at 3 mo PI Ab+ (6) |
Stereotypic motor behavior (3) |
Prolonged latencies: ABR VEP Abn EEG |
CSF: ND Viral isolation from cortical and subcortical brain (n=6) |
Perivascular cuffs Astrocyte satellitosis |
|
Phillips et al. 1994 (30) |
Maryland IV (12) |
A:5 months (4) B:10 weeks (9) Up to 29 mo |
CD4 reduction in Group B cats at 1 month through 29 mo PI |
Pleocytosis (3) |
Delayed righting reflex Anisocoria Aggression Loss of socialization |
Prolonged latencies: ABR VEP |
CSF: 3/9 cats Viral isolation from 1 cat studied |
Perivascular cuffs Glial nodules |
|
Prospera-Garcia, 1994 (31)
|
Maryland IV (5) |
20 weeks 15 mo |
Decline CD4 cells |
Not reported |
Loss of socialization Neophobia |
Reduced REM sleep Increased wakefulness Delayed onset of REM and slow wave sleep |
CSF: + isolation |
Not reported |
|
Phillips et al, 1996 (10)
|
PPR DU-FIV-PPR IV (4 each group) |
10 weeks 19 months |
Not reported |
Not reported |
Aggression Paresis Abn pupillary reflexes |
Reduced spinal and peripheral nerve conduction velocities Abn VEP and ABR latencies Decreased REM and total sleep |
Viral isolation from PBMC in all cats |
Not reported |
|
Power et al, 1997 (49)
|
V1 CSF Intrathecal (2) Intramarrow (2) |
Adult 12-26 mo |
Not reported |
Not reported |
Ataxia Aggression Abn motor actions |
Not reported |
CSF: not reported Brain: p24 antigen detection |
Perivascular cuffs Glial nodules Lenticular neuronal loss |
|
Podell et al, 1997 (20)
|
Maryland IV (5) |
Adult (8 mo) 16 mo |
Decline CD4 cells |
Inc AQ at 16 mo PI Ab+ (6) |
Aggression |
Prolonged latencies: ABR VEP SSEP Abn QEEG |
CSF: antibody positive |
Perivascular cuffs Glial nodules Astrocyte satellitosis |
|
Podell et al, 1998 (33) |
Maryland IV (6) |
Adult (8 mo) 18 mo |
Not reported |
Not reported |
No weakness |
Abn EMG |
PBMC viral detection by PCR |
Polymyositis |
|
Power et al, 1998 (34)
|
V1CSF (n= 8) Petaluma (n=6) IC |
1 day old kitten 12 weeks |
CD4 depletion with V1 CSF |
Not reported |
Delayed development of reflexes Gait changes |
Not reported |
Brain: + viral RNA |
Multifocal lymphocytic aggregates |
|
Steigerwald et al, 1998 (35) |
Maryland IV (6) |
8 weeks 12 mo |
Decline CD4 cells |
Not reported |
Loss of ability to learn new tasks |
Not reported |
PBMC viral detection by PCR |
Not reported |