Table 1: CNS disorders and mechanisms involved in BBB dysfunction

CNS Disorder		Mechanism
Neoplasia	Brain tumors	histamine, tissue necrosis factor, interferons, interleukins, permeable tumor vessels
	Meningiomas	vascular endothelial growth factor
Vascular	Ischemia, Hypoxia	glutamate, free radicals, vasodilation, lactic acidosis, prostoglandins, glial dysfunctions
	Hypertension	mechanical damage to endothelium, free radical, vasopressin, angiotensin
	Subarachnoid Hemorrhage	complement system C3a, endothelial cell damage, vasospasm
	Arteriovenous malformations	endothelial damage due to ischemia and high flow state
	Migraines	serotonin
	X-irradiation	endothelial damage
Trauma	Open/Closed Head Injury	intracranial hypertension, endothelial disruption, vascular spasm and loss of cerebral autoregulation
Brain Edema	Vasogenic	endothelial damage, intracranial hypertension, arachodonic acid metabolites, histamine, oxygen free radicals, polyamines
	Cytotoxic
Metabolic	Diabetes	hyperglycemia, ischemia
	Toxins (lead, aluminum, mercury, dimethyl-sulfoxide)	endothelial damage
Epilepsy	Seizures	glutamate, glial dysfunction following neuronal activation, hypertension
Inflammation	Multiple sclerosis/experimental allergic encephalomyelitis
	Meningitis (bacterial, viral, fungal)	bradykinin, ATP, histamine, serotonin, interleukins

Table 2: Properties of the in situ BBB.

Physiology	Function
BBB specific markers	+++
Inductive influence from glia	mandatory
Tight junctions	+++
Transendothelial resistance	>1,500 ohm/cm2
Sucrose permeability	low (<10-7 cm/sec)
K+ permeability	low
Exposure to flow	luminal membrane
Polarized transporters	ubiquitous (e.g. K+; amino acids)
Stereoselective transport	glucose; amino acids

Table 3: Virus detection in infected DIV-BBB cartridges

	Method of Viral Detection
Total days/days P.I.	p27 ELISA	s-MAGI	coculture with CEMx174
13/2	+
15/4	+
18/7	+
20/9	+
23/12		+
27/16		+
45/34		+
52/41		+
56/45			+
62/51			+
106/95			+
127/116			+