Table 2. Completed phase II/III randomized clinical trials of antiretroviral drug regimens to reduce mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission.

Study (Authors)	Antiretroviral drug regimen			Relative efficacy (+ 95% CI)
	Prenatal	Intrapartum	Postpartum
A. Placebo-controlled trials:
PACTG 076 (20)	100 mg ZDV 5x/day start at 14-34 weeks	2 mg/kg ZDV intravenous infusion (1 hr), followed by 1mg/kg/hr infusion	2 mg/kg ZDV 4x/day for 6 weeks to infant	67.5% [40.7-82.1]
Thailand/CDC (50)	300 mg ZDV 2x/day starting at 36 weeks	300 mg ZDV every 3 hrs	--	50.1% [15.4-70.6]
Côte d’Ivoire/CDC (88)	300 mg ZDV 2x/day starting at 36 weeks	300 mg ZDV every 3 hrs	--	44% [-1 to 69] at 4 weeks* 37% [-5 to 63] at 3 months*
Côte d’Ivoire/ANRS (87)	300 mg ZDV 2x/day starting at 36 weeks	600 mg ZDV at onset of labor	300 mg ZDV 2x/day for 1 week to mother	38% [5 to 60] at 6 months*
PETRA (91, 92)
Arm A	300 mg ZDV 2x/day, 150 mg 3TC 2x/day starting at 36 weeks	300-600 mg ZDV at onset then 300 mg every 3 hrs, 150 mg 3TC every 12 hrs	300 mg ZDV 2x/day, 150 mg 3TC 2x/day for 1 week to mother; 4 mg/kg ZDV 2x/day, 2 mg/kg 3TC 2x/day for 1 week to infant	50% at 6 weeks*
Arm B	--	same as A	same as A	37% at 6 weeks*
Arm C	--	same as A	--	0% at 6 weeks*
B. Non-placebo-controlled trials:
PACTG 185 (85)	076 regimen + HIVIG monthly IV	076 regimen	076 regimen	**
Uganda/Hopkins (HIVNET 012) (93)
NVP Arm	--	200 mg NVP	2 mg/kg NVP to infant @ 72 hours or at discharge	13.1% (9.1 - 17.1)*
ZDV Arm	--	300 mg ZDV	4 mg/kg ZDV 2x/day for 1 week to infant	25.1% (19.5 - 30.8)* at 14-16 weeks
SAINT (95)
NVP Arm	--	200 mg NVP	200 mg NVP to mother, 6 mg NVP to infant @ 24-48 hours	13.3%*
ZDV/3TC Arm	--	600 mg ZDV at onset then 300 mg every 3 hrs, 150 mg 3TC every 12 hrs	300 mg ZDV 2x/day, 150 mg 3TC 2x/day for 1 week to mother; 12 mg ZDV and 6 mg 3TC 2x/day to infant	10.2%* at 8 weeks
Thailand PHPT/Harvard (90)	300 mg ZDV 2x/day	300 mg ZDV every 3 hrs	2 mg/kg ZDV 4x/day
Long-Long Arm	start at 28 weeks	same	6 weeks to infant	6.5% (4.1 - 8.9)
Long-Short Arm	start at 28 weeks	same	3 days to infant	4.7% (2.4 - 7.0)
Short-Long Arm	start at 35 weeks	same	6 weeks to infant	8.6% (5.6 - 11.6)
Short-Short Arm***	start at 35 weeks	same	3 days to infant	10.5% (6.4 - 14.4)

^*In (mostly) breastfeeding women.
^**Overall HIV transmission rate was 5.0% with no significant difference between treatment groups with or without HIVIG.
^***This treatment arm was discontinued during the trial because the transmission rate was significantly increased compared with the long-long arm.