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AIDScience Perspectives: Vaccine research: The possibility of HIV-positive patients becoming infected with a second, closely related strain despite having strong cellular immune responses controlling the first virus without drugs has set off alarms. Superinfection: What does it mean for vaccines? by Patricia Kahn, from the IAVI Report. [Full text article] [About AIDScience articles]  [See recent AIDScience articles] [dEbates: Submit a response to this article]

Vaccine research: Is the AIDS vaccine glass half full or half empty? With a host of animal studies on candidates that fail to protect against infection but delay or prevent disease, it can be difficult to tell—especially since it is not known whether results from animal studies are predictive of what will be seen in humans. Barcelona sessions spark full discussion of partially effective vaccines by Emily Bass, from the IAVI Report. [Full text article] [About AIDScience articles]  [See recent AIDScience articles] [dEbates: Submit a response to this article]

Hot News: A push-pull approach to maximize vaccine efficacy: Abrogating suppression with an IL-13 inhibitor while augmenting help with granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor and CD40L. CD4(+) helper cells have a role in CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) induction by vaccines, but little is known about a counterbalancing role of CD4(+) T cells in down-modulating this response. Could abolishing this negative regulatory mechanism optimize vaccines? Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99(20), 13020, 1 October 2002 [Read abstract]

Randomized trial of vitamin supplements in relation to transmission of HIV-1 through breastfeeding and early child mortality. Multivitamin (B, C, and E, but not A) supplementation of breastfeeding mothers reduced child mortality and HIV-1 transmission through breastfeeding among immunologically and nutritionally compromised women. AIDS 16(14), 1935, 27 September 2002 [Read abstract]

NeuroAIDS: HIV-1 infection and AIDS dementia are influenced by a mutant MCP-1 allele linked to increased monocyte infiltration of tissues and MCP-1 levels. Homozygosity for the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) -2578G allele was associated with a 50% reduction in the risk of acquiring HIV-1, but once HIV-1 infection was established, this same MCP-1 genotype was associated with accelerated disease progression and a 4.5-fold increased risk of HIV-associated dementia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99(21), 13795, 15 October 2002 [Read abstract]

CD4 T cell depletion is linked directly to immune activation but only indirectly to the viral load. More data on the major determinant of CD4 decline, with potential implications for treatment. The Journal of Immunology 169(6), 3400, 15 September 2002 [Read abstract]

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